پژوهش و عناصر شنیداری - دیداری پویا: به سوی روش های تحقیق ویدیویی؛ شالوده های معرفت شناختی، رویکردها و چارچوب اجرا

نوع مقاله : روش شناسی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی (نویسنده مسئول)، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

چکیده

افزایش توجه به غنای تحقیقات و نیاز به داده‌های چندوجهی، که امکان مطالعه روی جنبه‌های کلامی و غیرکلامی را فراهم می‌کند، باعث شده پژوهشگران، به استفاده از روش‌های ویدیویی تمایل پیدا کنند. علی‌رغم اینکه این روش‌ها به مرور رواج بیشتری پیدا کرده‌اند، بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد، هنوز مطالعة ساختارمندی وجود ندارد، که بتواند به ابهام‌ها و تردیدهای محققان در استفاده از این روش‌ها پاسخ دهد. از این ‌رو، این مطالعه در پی این است تا یک مسیر هدایت شده و کاربردی جهت انتخاب، طرح‌ریزی و اجرای موفقیت‌آمیز تحقیقات ویدیویی ارائه دهد. بدین منظور، با بهره‌گیری و تحلیل مطالعات پراکنده و نامسنجم گذشته، که شامل 105 منبع معتبر بین‌المللی از مطالعات کاربردی و نظری در زمینة روش ویدیویی است، ایدة این مطالعه پیرامون یک دیدگاه مبتنی بر عمل ارائه می‌شود. بدین ترتیب، ابتدا شالودة معرفت‌شناختی روش‌های ویدیویی و رویکردهایی مطرح می‌شود، که اساساً تحقیقات ویدیویی در قالب آن‌ها صورت می‌گیرد؛ سپس یک چارچوب گام‌ به‌ گام ارائه می‌شود که می‌تواند راهنمای محققان در انجام تحقیقات ویدیویی باشد تا تحقیقاتشان را در یک مسیر درست هدایت کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Research and dynamic of audio-visual elements: towards video research methods; Epistemological foundations, approaches and implementation framework

نویسندگان [English]

  • Peyman Parvari 1
  • Zeynab Razi 2
1 PhD on Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University (corresponding author), Tehran, Iran.
2 Master of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Qom University, Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing attention to the richness of research works and the need for multimodal data, which provides the possibility of studying verbal and non-verbal aspects, has made researchers to use video methods. While these methods have become more popular over time, surveys show that there is still no structured study that can answer the ambiguities and doubts of raised by researchers in using these methods. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a guided and practical way to select, plan and successfully implement video research. For this purpose, by using and analyzing scattered and inconsistent studies of the past, which includes 105 internationally valid sources of practical and theoretical studies in the field of video method, the idea of this study is presented around a practical perspective. In this way, firstly, the epistemological foundation of video methods and approaches are presented, in which video research is basically conducted; then, a step-by-step framework is presented that can guide researchers in conducting video research to advance their research in the right direction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Video Methods
  • Videography
  • Participatory Video
  • Elicitation Video
  • Video Analysis
  • Sequence Analysis

مراجع

Asan, O. & Montague, E. 2014.“Using video-based observation research methods in primary care health encounters to evaluate complex interactions”. Informatics in primary care. 21 (4): 161–170.
Basil, M. 2011. “Use of photography and video in observational research”. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal. 14 (3): 246–257.
Bates, C. 2013. “Video diaries: Audio-visual research methods and the elusive body”. Visual Studies, 28 (1): 29–37.
Bates., C. 2015. “Intimate Encounters: Making Video Diaries about Embodied Everyday Life”. In: C, Bates (ed.) Video Methods: Social Science Research in Motion (10-26). New York: Routledge.
Baumann, S. E., Merante, M., Folb, B. L., & Burke, J. G. 2020. Is film as a research tool the future of public health? A review of study designs, opportunities, and challenges. Qualitative Health Research. 30 (2): 250–257.
Belk, R. W., & Kozinets, R. V. 2005. “Videography in marketing and consumer research”. Qualitative Market Research: an international journal, 8 (2): 128-141.
Belk, R. W., Caldwell, M., Devinney, T. M., Eckhardt, G. M., Henry, P., Kozinets, R., & Plakoyiannaki, E. (2018). Envisioning consumers: how videography can contribute to marketing knowledge. Journal of Marketing Management. 34 (5-6): 432–458.
Bowyer, B. T., Kahne, J. E., & Middaugh, E. 2015. “Youth comprehension of political messages in YouTube videos”. New media & society. 19 (4): 522–541.
Brandau, M., & Rebello, A. 2020.“ Surviving Cyberbullying: A Thematic Analysis of Online Videos”. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29 (12): 1243–1318.
Brookfield, S, D. 2014.“Foundations of Critical Theory”. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 16 (4): 417–428.
Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Caldwell, K., & Atwal, A. 2005. “Non-participant observation: using video tapes to collect data in nursing research”. Nurse researcher. 13 (2): 42–54.
Cardinal, A. 2019. “Participatory video: An apparatus for ethically researching literacy, power and embodiment”. Computers and Composition. 53: 34-46.
Christianson, M. K. 2018. “Mapping the terrain: The use of video-based research in top-tier organizational journals”. Organizational research methods. 21 (2): 261-287.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. 2007. Research Methods in Education. 6th Edition. London: Routledge.
Colliers, A., Coenen, S., Remmen, R., Philips, H., & Anthierens, S. 2019. “Looking Inside the Out-of-Hours Primary Care Consultation: General Practitioners’ and Researchers’ Experiences of Using Video Observations as a Method”. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18: 1-11.
Congdon, E. L., Novack, M. A., & Goldin-Meadow, S. 2018. “Gesture in experimental studies: How videotape technology can advance psychological theory”. Organizational Research Methods, 21 (2): 489–499.
Crotty, M. 1998. The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Curby, T. W., Johnson, P., Mashburn, A. J., & Carlis, L. 2016. “Live versus video observations: Comparing the reliability and validity of two methods of assessing classroom quality”. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 34 (8): 765-781.
DeCuir-Gunby, J. T., Marshall, P. L., & McCulloch, A. W. 2012. “Using mixed methods to analyze video data: A mathematics teacher professional development example”. Journal of mixed methods research. 6 (3): 199-216.
Dimitrova, N., Zhang, H. J., Shahraray, B., Sezan, I., Huang, T., & Zakhor, A. 2002. “Applications of video-content analysis and retrieval”. IEEE multimedia. 9 (3): 42-55.
Engel, J., & Fritzsche, B. 2015. “The potential of videography in comparative education: Introduction”. Research in Comparative and International Education, 10 (3): 319-325.
Engel, J., & Fritzsche, B. 2015. “The potential of videography in comparative education: Introduction”. Research in Comparative and International Education. 10 (3): 319-325.
Erickson F. 2011. “Uses of video in social research: a brief history”. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 14 (3): 179–189.
Erman, E. 2017.“What is ‘critical’ about critical theory?” Philosophy and Social Criticism. 43(3): 300–301.
Fele, G. 2012. “The use of video to document tacit participation in an emergency operations centre”. Qualitative Research. 12 (3): 280-303.
Ferguson, S., Brace-Govan, J., Hoek, J., & Mulconroy, M. 2020. “Managing Smokefree Momentum: Young RYO Smokers’ Responses to Tobacco Endgame Strategies”. Journal of Macromarketing.
40(2): 250–265.
Flower, C. 2014. “Music therapy trios with child, parent and therapist: A preliminary qualitative single case study”. Psychology of Music. 42 (6): 839-845.
Gibson, B. E. 2005. “Co-producing video diaries: The presence of the ‘‘absent’’ researcher”. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 4 (4): 34–43.
Golann, J. W., Mirakhur, Z., & Espenshade, T. J. 2019. “Collecting ethnographic video data for policy research”. American Behavioral Scientist. 63 (3): 387–403.
Gregory, K. 2020. “The Video camera spoiled my ethnography: A critical approach”. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 19: 1–9.
Gylfe, P., Franck, H., Lebaron, C., & Mantere, S. 2016. “Video methods in strategy research: Focusing on embodied cognition”. Strategic Management Journal. 37 (1): 133–148.
Haanpää, M., Salmela, T., García-Rosell, J. C., & Äijälä, M. 2019. “The disruptive ‘other’? Exploring human-animal relations in tourism through videography”. Tourism Geographies, 21: 1-21.
Hadfield, M., & Haw, K. 2012. “Video: modalities and methodologies”. International Journal of Research & Method in Education. 35: (3) 311-324.
Halimaa, S-L. 2001. “Video recording as a method of data collection in nursing research”. Nordic Journal of Nursing Research. 21 (2): 21–26.
Harris, A. M. 2016. Video as method. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hassard, J., Burns, D., Hyde, P., & Burns, J. P. 2018. “A visual turn for organizational ethnography: Embodying the subject in video-based research”. Organization studies. 39 (10): 1403–1424.
Haynes, K., & Tanner, T. M. 2015. “Empowering young people and strengthening resilience: Youth-centred participatory video as a tool for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction”. Children's Geographies. 13 (3): 357–371.
Heath, C., & Luff, P. 2018. “The naturalistic experiment: Video and organizational interaction”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 466-488.
Heath., C, Hindmarsh., J, Luff., P. 2010. Video in Qualitative Research: Analysing Social Interaction in Everyday Life. CA: Sage Publications Ltd.
Henry, S. G., & Fetters, M. D. 2012. “Video elicitation interviews: a qualitative research method for investigating physician-patient interactions”. The Annals of Family Medicine. 10 (2): 118-125.
Henry, S. G., Forman, J. H., & Fetters, M. D. 2011. “How do you know what Aunt Martha looks like?’A video elicitation study exploring tacit clues in doctor–patient interactions”.  Journal of evaluation in clinical practice. 17 (5): 933-939.
Hietanen, J., & Andéhn, M. 2018. “More than meets the eye: Videography and production of desire in semiocapitalism”. Journal of Marketing Management. 34 (5-6): 539-556.
Hietanen, J., & Rokka, J. 2018. “Companion for the videography ‘Monstrous organizing—The dubstep electronic music scene”. Organization. 25 (3): 320-334.
Hindmarsh, J., & Llewellyn, N. 2018. “Video in sociomaterial investigations: A solution to the problem of relevance for organizational research”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 412-437.
Iedema, R., Forsyth, R., Georgiou, A., Braithwaite, J., & Westbrook, J. 2006. “Video research in health”. Qualitative Research Journal. 6 (2): 15-30.
Jacobs, J. K., Hollingsworth, H., & Givvin, K. B. 2007. “Video-based research made “easy”: Methodological lessons learned from the TIMSS video studies”. Field Methods. 19 (3): 284-299.
Jacobs, J. K., Kawanaka, T., & Stigler, J. W. 1999. “Integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches to the analysis of video data on classroom teaching”. International Journal of Educational Research. 31 (8): 717-724.
Jarrett, M., & Liu, F. 2018. “Zooming with” a participatory approach to the use of video ethnography in organizational studies”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 366-385.
Jarzabkowski, P., LeBaron, C., Phillips, K., & Pratt, M. 2014. “Call for papers: Feature topic: Video-based research methods”. Organizational Research Methods. 17 (1): 3-4.
Jewitt, C. 2012. An introduction to using video for research (Working paper). London: National Centre for Research Methods.
Jones, N., & Raymond, G. 2012. “The Camera Rolls” Using Third-Party Video in Field Research”. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 642 (1): 109-123.
Kaley, A., Hatton, C., & Milligan, C. 2019.“ More than words: The use of video in ethnographic research with people with intellectual disabilities”. Qualitative health research. 29 (7): 931-943.
Kawaf, F. 2019. “Capturing digital experience: The method of screencast videography”. International Journal of Research in Marketing. 36 (2): 169-184.
Keskin, B. 2018. “What Do YouTube Videos Say About Public Education?” SAGE Open. 8 (1): 1-15.
Kilanowski, J. F., & Lin, L. 2014. “Summer migrant students learn healthy choices through videography”. The Journal of School Nursing. 30 (4): 272-280.
Knoblauch, H. 2012. “Introduction to the special issue of Qualitative Research: Video-analysis and videography”. Qualitative Research. 12 (3): 251-254.
Knoblauch, H., & Schnettler, B. 2012. “Videography: Analysing video data as a ‘focused’ethnographic and hermeneutical exercise”. Qualitative Research. 12 (3): 334-356.
Knoblauch, H., & Schnettler, B. 2015. “Video and vision: videography of a Marian apparition”. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 44 (5): 636-656.
Knoblauch, H., & Tuma, R. 2014. “Videography: An interpretative approach to video-recorded micro-social interaction”. In: U, Flick (ed.) The SAGE handbook of visual research methods (414-430). CA: Sage Publication Ltd.
Knoblauch, H., Schnettler, B., & Raab, J. 2013. Video-Analysis: Methodological Aspects of Interpretive Audiovisual. In: Knoblauch, H., Schnettler, B., Raab, J., & Soeffner, H-G. (eds.) Video Analysis: Methodology and Methods Qualitative Audiovisual Data Analysis in Sociology, 3th Edition, (9-26) Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Knoblauch, H., Tuma, R., & Schnettler, B. 2014a. Video analysis and videography. In: U, Flick (ed.) The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (435-449). CA: Sage Publication Ltd.
Knoblauch, H., Schnettler, B., & Tuma, R. 2014b. Videography. In: U, Flick (ed.) The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (362-377). CA: Sage Publication Ltd.
Kousha, K., Thelwall, M., & Abdoli, M. 2012. “The role of online videos in research communication: A content analysis of YouTube videos cited in academic publications”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63 (9): 1710-1727.
LeBaron, C., Jarzabkowski, P., Pratt, M. G., & Fetzer, G. 2018. “An introduction to video methods in organizational research”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 239-260.
Li, B. Y., & Ho, R. T. H. 2019. “Unveiling the unspeakable: Integrating video elicitation focus group interviews and participatory video in an action research project on dementia care development”. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18: 1-10.
Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M., & Theron, L. 2013. “Using video observation and photo elicitation interviews to understand obscured processes in the lives of youth resilience”. Childhood. 21 (4): 532-547.
Lingard, H., Pink, S., Harley, J., & Edirisinghe, R. 2015. “Looking and learning: using participatory video to improve health and safety in the construction industry”. Construction management and economics. 33 (9): 740-751.
Luff, P., & Heath, C. 2012. “Some echnical challenges’ of video analysis: social actions, objects, material realities and the problems of perspective”. Qualitative Research. 12 (3): 255-279.
Lynch, H., & Stanley, M. 2018. “Beyond words: Using qualitative video methods for researching occupation with young children”. OTJR: occupation, participation and health. 38 (1): 56-66.
MacDougall, A. G., Kukan, S., Price, E., Glen, S., Bird, R., Powe, L., & Norman, R. M. 2020. “Participatory video as a novel recovery-oriented intervention in early psychosis: A pilot study”. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 66 (8): 780-784.
Meier zu Verl, C., & Tuma, R. 2020. “Video Analysis and Ethnographic Knowledge: An Empirical Study of Video Analysis Practices”. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 50 (1): 120-144.
Miller Scarnato, J. 2019. “The value of digital video data for qualitative social work research: A narrative review”. Qualitative Social Work. 18 (3): 382-396.
Miño Puga, M. F. 2018. “The Manabí project: participatory video in rebuilding efforts after the earthquake”. Studies in Documentary Film. 12 (3): 190-207.
Molbæk, M., & Kristensen, R. M. 2020. “Triangulation with video observation when studying teachers’ practice”. Qualitative Research Journal. 20 (1): 152-162.
Möller, A. M., Kühne, R., Baumgartner, S. E., & Peter, J. 2019. “Exploring User Responses to Entertainment and Political Videos: An Automated Content Analysis of YouTube”. Social Science Computer Review. 37 (4): 510-528.
Mondada, L. 2012. “Video analysis and the temporality of inscriptions within social interaction: The case of architects at work”. Qualitative Research. 12 (3): 304-333.
Montandon, C. 2015. “Video analysis in cross-cultural environments and methodological issues”. Research in Comparative and International Education. 10 (3): 423-436.
Morgan, D. L., & Nica, A. 2020. “Iterative Thematic Inquiry: A New Method for Analyzing Qualitative Data”. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 19: 1-20.
Nassauer, A., & Legewie, N. M. 2018. “Video data analysis: A methodological frame for a novel research trend”. Sociological methods & research: 1-40.
Nicoll, B., & Nansen, B. 2018.“ Mimetic production in YouTube toy unboxing videos”. Social Media+Society. 4 (3): 1-15.
Parameswaran, U. D., Ozawa-Kirk, J. L., & Latendresse, G. 2020. “To live (code) or to not: A new method for coding in qualitative research”. Qualitative social work. 19 (4): 630-644.
Patterson, A. N. 2018. “YouTube generated video clips as qualitative research data: One researcher’s reflections on the process”. Qualitative Inquiry. 24 (10): 759-767.
Petr, C., Belk, R., & Decrop, A. 2015. “Videography in marketing research: Mixing art and science”. Arts and the Market. 5 (1): 73-102.
Petros, R., Solomon, P., Linz, S., DeCesaris, M., & Hanrahan, N. P. 2016. “Autovideography: The lived experience of recovery for adults with serious mental illness”. Psychiatric Quarterly. 87 (3): 417-426.
Poikela, P., Ruokamo, H., & Teräs, M. 2015. “Comparison of meaningful learning characteristics in simulated nursing practice after traditional versus computer-based simulation method: A qualitative videography study”. Nurse education today. 35 (2): 373-382.
Reiman, A., Pekkala, J., Väyrynen, S., Putkonen, A., & Forsman, M. 2014. “Participatory video-assisted evaluation of truck drivers’ work outside cab: deliveries in two types of transport”. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics. 20 (3): 477-489.
Rokka, J., & Hietanen, J. 2018. “On positioning videography as a tool for theorizing”. Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition), 33 (3): 106-121.
Sánchez, D. M. 2020. “Rethinking participatory video in the times of YouTube. Media”. Culture & Society. 43 (1): 101-116.
Schwenzow, J., Hartmann, J., Schikowsky, A., & Heitmann, M. 2021. “Understanding videos at scale: How to extract insights for business research”. Journal of Business Research. 123: 367-379.
Seregina, A. 2018. “Engaging the audience through videography as performance”. Journal of Marketing Management. 34 (5-6): 518-535.
Sheykhfard, A., & Haghighi, F. 2020. “Assessment pedestrian crossing safety using vehicle-pedestrian interaction data through two different approaches: Fixed videography (FV) vs In-Motion Videography (IMV)”. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 144: 105661.
Skjælaaen, G. R., Bygdås, A. L., & Hagen, A. L. 2020. “Visual inquiry: exploring embodied organizational practices by collaborative film-elicitation”. Journal of Management Inquiry. 29 (1): 59-75.
Slutskaya, N., Game, A. M., & Simpson, R. C. 2018. “Better together: Examining the role of collaborative ethnographic documentary in organizational research”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 341-365.
Snyder, K. A., Cullen, B., & Braslow, J. 2019. “Farmers as experts: Interpreting the “hidden” messages of participatory video across African contexts”. Area. 51 (4): 779-787.
Söderström, O., Söderström, D., Codeluppi, Z., Empson, L. A., & Conus, P. 2017. “Emplacing recovery: how persons diagnosed with psychosis handle stress in cities”. Psychosis. 9 (4): 322-329.
Storm-Mathisen, A. 2018. “Visual Methods in Ethnographic Fieldwork–on learning from participants through their video-accounts”. Forum for development studies. 45 (2): 261-286.
Sweeney, A., Greenwood, K. E., Williams, S., Wykes, T., & Rose, D. S. 2013. “Hearing the voices of service user researchers in collaborative qualitative data analysis: the case for multiple coding”. Health Expectations. 16 (4): e89-99.
Tilleczek, K., & Loebach, J. 2015. “Research goes to the cinema: The veracity of videography with, for and by youth”. Research in Comparative and International Education. 10 (3): 354-366.
Toraldo, M. L., Islam, G., & Mangia, G. 2018. “Modes of knowing: Video research and the problem of elusive knowledges”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 438-465.
Tremblay, C., & Harris, L. 2018. “Critical video engagements: Empathy, subjectivity and changing narratives of water resources through participatory video”. Geoforum. 90: 174-182.
VanKooten, C. 2019. “A research methodology of interdependence through video as method”. Computers and Composition. 54:1-17.
Vieira, E. R., O’Rourke, H. M., Marck, P. B., & Hunter, K. F. 2014. “Using video-elicitation to assess risks and potential falls reduction strategies in long term care”. Disability and rehabilitation. 36 (10): 855-864.
Waller, M. J., & Kaplan, S. A. 2018. “Systematic behavioral observation for emergent team phenomena: Key considerations for quantitative video-based approaches”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 500-515.
Wheeler, J. 2009. “The life that we don't want: using participatory video in researching violence”. IDS bulletin. 40 (3): 10-18.
Whitaker, J. A., Orman, E. K., & Yarbrough, C. 2014. “Characteristics of “music education” videos posted on YouTube”. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education. 33 (1): 49-56.
Whiting, R., Symon, G., Roby, H., & Chamakiotis, P. 2018. “Who’s behind the lens? A reflexive analysis of roles in participatory video research”. Organizational Research Methods. 21 (2): 316-340.
Wilhoit, E. D. 2017. “Photo and video methods in organizational and managerial communication research”. Management Communication Quarterly. 31 (3): 447-466.
Xiao, S. 2018. “More than Data: A Multivocal Inquiry into Video-Based Research on Learning and Teaching”. ECNU Review of Education. 1 (3): 23-35.
Zoettl, P. A. 2013. “Images of culture: Participatory video, identity and empowerment”. International Journal of Cultural Studies. 16 (2): 209-224.
Zundel, M., MacIntosh, R., & Mackay, D. 2018. “The utility of video diaries for organizational research”. Organizational research methods. 21 (2): 386-411.
 
 

فایل ها

اشتراک گذاری

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار